6.9 - 9.6 Gbps
2.4 and 5 GHz
100 m
Muti User Multi Input Multi Output
MU-MIMO download only
Megabits per second (Mbps) measures how many megabits can be uploaded or downloaded over the network per second
The radio frequency (RF) spectrum is vital for wireless communications infrastructure, and there are several distinct radio frequency bands used
Three main factors influence Wi-Fi range: 1) the access point or router; 2) the structure you are in; 3) the wireless standard you are using
Something that is consistently good in quality or performance
The number of users that can be supported simultaeously (upload and download)
In 2003, WiFi 3 was introduced to bbe backward compatible with both 802.11a and 802.11b, and speed improved compared to 802.11b.
In 2022, WiFi 7 introduced Extremely High Throughput Wireless (EHTW), a Multi-link Operation (MLO) which enables a client and access point (AP) to use multiple bands simultaneously to pass data. MU-MIMO enhancement to 16 devices per channel download and upload.
802.11g
30 Gbps max
2.4, 5, and 6 GHz
100 m
Multi User Multi Input Multi Output
MU-MIMO download/upload
802.11n
54 Mbps
2.4 GHz
100 m
Single Input Single Output
SISO
54 Mbps
5 GHz
100 m
Single Input Single Output
SISO
802.11
802.11ac
In 1999, WiFi 2 was developed for commercial applications and was faster than 802.1b. It provided more channels for greater coverage.
11 Mbps max
2.4 GHz
100 m
Single Input Single Output
SISO
802.11ax
600 Mbps
2.4 or 5 GHz
100 m
Dual Input Dual Output
DIDO
802.11be
3/3
In 2009, WiFi 4 introduced the single user multiple-input-multiple-output (SU MIMO), a technology that allows the use of multiple antennas to transmit more data by combining indendent data streams.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) developed and maintain a set of standards that provide the basis for wireless network products. The Wi-Fi standard has expanded to provide enhanced communication speeds, reliability, and security. These standards use new communication frequencies.
In 1999, WiFi 1 was developed for consumer applications and was less expensive.
2.3 - 6.9 Gbps
5 GHz
100 m
Single User Multi Input Multi Output
SU-MIMO
1/3
What is Wi-Fi?
We rely on wireless networks for everything from our phone to our refrigerator. More and more devices now operate using a wireless Internet connection.
We use a wireless technology known as Wi-Fi to connect computers, tables, smartphones, and other smart devices to the Internet. Wi-Fi is the radio signal sent from a wireless router to a nearby device. The device translates the signal into the data the user sees, and then transmists a radio signal back to the router (which connects to the Internet).
Devices
All newer computers,
phones, tablets, and
routers
Frequency
2.5GHz
Shorter range
Low Interference
Higher speeds
Characteristics
5GHz
Older routers and
clients, IoT devices
and sensors
Wi-Fi signals use two frequency bands. Each frequency band is divided into multiple channels. Drag the red slide to reveal more information on each frequency.
Longer range
Higher Interference
Lower speeds
Multiple Devices
(download/upload)
Some wireless standards could only server one client at a time.Each device can send or receive data, then it waits while the other devices are served.Newer standards allowed for several devices to be served simultaneously.Eary standards only allowed simultaneous operations for download data, newer standards suported both download and upload simultaneously.
click on each button below
Devices served simultaneously
(download only)
Serving
Devices served
simultaneously
1st
2nd
Capacity
Single Device
3rd
Multiple Devices
(download only)
Single device at a time
Dual Input Dual Output
(DIDO)
Reliability
Single User - Multi Input Multi Output
(SU-MIMO)
click each of the routers to see technology improvements
Multi User - Multi Input Multi Output
(MU-MIMO Download Only)
Single Input Single Output
(SISO)
A reliable wireless network can perform a set under many determined conditions. In wireless communication, the two most important factors are dealing with interference and obstacles.
Multi User - Multi Input Multi Output
(MU-MIMO Download/Upload)
Back
WCDMA
CDMA
Extremely high speed,
low latency
100 MHz
2001
8/12
High security, international
roaming
Each generation (G) defines a set of telephone network standards that describe the technologies implemented for a specific mobile phone system. The first generation, 1G, introduced in 1979 used analog technology. In 1991, 2G was launched based on digital technology. It was also the first Internet system (unfortunately, data rates were poor).
With rapid data transfer speeds, 4G offered buffer-free video streaming and provided a path to connect IoT devices and services.
4G
LTE, WIMAX
OFDM, BDMA
3G
Internet service
Click on each generation to build the table
5G functions across a larger spectrum of radio frequencies. This allows carriers to increase network services in the ultra-high mmWave bands. 5G has increased download speeds and reduced latency.
Packet switching
Packet switching except
for air interference
Wireless World Wide Web
Ultra broadband
Advantage
Broadband
25 MHz
The transition to 3G provided increased network speeds and introduced internet connectivity and web browsing.
2018
Year introduced
High resolution video streaming, remote control of vehicles, robots and medical procedures
5G
2009
Switching type
5G
High speed applications, mobile TV, wearable devices
Applications
Cellular
30 GHz to 300 GHZ
Video conferencing, mobile
TV, GPS
Bandwidth
802.16
Access system
802.16 is a set of broadband wireless access standards for wireless metropolitan
area networks and is known as WirelessMAN or WiMAX, the commercialized name.
3G
Speed, high speed handoffs, global mobility
MIMO, mm Waves
Technology
There are several factors that affect the performance of your Wi-Fi network:
Wi-Fi Performance
Capacity is the volume of data and number of wireless clients or devices supported in a service area.
Transmission speed is the rate that the data gets between an access point and a wireless device.
Transmission frequency is the channel used to transmit the radio signal. These frequencies are like AM/FM radio or Television channels. Different channels transmit different information.
A reliable wireless network performs under many conditions and can deal with the two most important factors--interference and obstacles.